Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors emerge as a promising technology for efficiently treating wastewater. These systems integrate biological and membrane processes to achieve high levels of removal for various pollutants, including organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solid

In membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems, hollow fiber membranes play a crucial role in achieving high effluent quality. These membranes provide a large surface area for microbial growth and effectively remove contaminants from wastewater. To enhance the performance of MBR systems, several strategies

Wastewater treatment/remediation/purification presents a significant global challenge, necessitating the development of efficient and sustainable technologies. Hollow fiber membranes/Microfiltration membranes/Fiber-based membrane systems, renowned for their high surface area-to-volume ratio and v